Rebuilt Shimabara, which had been devastated by the Shimabara Rebellion.

Born in Hamamatsu in 1584(12th years Tensyo). He served as the lord of Iwatsuki Castle in Musashi (present-day Iwatsuki City, Saitama Prefecture) and Hamamatsu Castle in Omi (present-day Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka Prefecture) for 20 years each.

After the Shimabara-Amakusa Revolt (commonly known as the Shimabara Rebellion) was suppressed, he was ordered by the shogunate to rebuild the devastated Shimabara region and entered Shimabara. The postwar process was harsh. It is said that Tadafusa was chosen as the only one who could withstand such a harsh situation.

After entering Shimabara, he implemented an immigration policy to make up for the lost population. He also worked to restore shrines and temples to comfort the people. Shimabara's own summer festival, the Seirei Nagashi, is one of them, and has continued to the present day.

He was also responsible for monitoring foreign vessels visiting Nagasaki and the various foreign lords of Kyushu.

Shimabara Castle and the city of Shimabara that continues to the present day were built.

Born in 1574 (2th years Tensho). He originally served Sadatsugu Tsutsui, lord of Iga (present-day Mie Prefecture), and held 8,000 koku. In 1600, he played an active role in the battle of Sekigahara as a member of Ii Naomasa's army. In recognition of his military service, he was given 10,000 koku of land in Gojo, Yamato (present-day Gojo City, Nara Prefecture). He was assigned to Katsunari Mizuno's army during the Battle of Osaka and achieved remarkable military success. As a reward, he was granted an additional 30,000 koku and 40,000 koku in Shimabara.

It took about seven years to build Shimabara Castle. It is said that whale meat was buried in the castle as a preserved food, perhaps with the castle siege in mind. He also built the castle and developed the town that continues to this day. The development of Shimabara would not have been possible without Shigemasa's construction of Shimabara Castle and town development.

Founder of the Shimabara Domain Matsudaira, who established the Matsudaira reign that lasted for about 170 years.

Born in 1619(5th years Genwa) in Yoshida Castle, Mikawa (present-day Toyohashi City, Aichi Prefecture). After ruling Yoshida, he ruled Kariya in Mikawa (present-day Kariya City, Aichi Prefecture) and Fukuchiyama in Tango (present-day Fukuchiyama City, Kyoto Prefecture). In 1669, he was transferred to Shimabara and also received the land of Hoshu (present-day Bungotakada City, Oita Prefecture), which brought the Shimabara domain to 70,000 koku.

He encouraged not only martial arts but also academic studies within the clan, saying that "both the liberal arts and the military arts are the foundation of the clan. He himself was interested in learning and collected various Japanese books. The Japanese books collected by Tadafusa have been handed down to the present and are kept in the Shimabara Library as the Hizen Shimabara Matsudaira Bunko.

In recent years, a book containing Tadafusa's reflections, written in red ink in the margins, has also been discovered, indicating that he had conducted his own research.